Thursday, January 29, 2009

“Online is the way to go in times to come”

Ajeet Chauhan, VP – HR & Training, Nirula’s talks about how they have leveraged social networking platform in more than one way
How important are social networking websites for a business like Nirula’s?
Social networking websites have over the last two years gained a lot of prominence and we too are leveraging this platform in more than one way. Besides sponsoring groups and fan clubs for some of our products we are also exploiting this medium to create a positive ‘employer branding’ and attract the ‘right fit’ for the organisation via social networking websites like LinkedIn, Facebook or Orkut. But more interestingly we have done a bit of innovation here and used the basic tenets of these sites to develop an Employee Self Service (ESS) module. Most ESS fail just because of the low level of patronising by the end users. So based on the success of these social networking sites we are in the process of developing an ESS. This software will enable the employees to communicate P2P (peer-to-peer). It integrates every individual in the organisation into a larger ambit while giving the end user the flexibility and independence to have his own private space unique to him or her. It also allows them to choose from the various affiliations. So each individual will have his home page (like on an Orkut or Facebook) and can invite their peers and friends within the organisation to join their groups. We are going to use this as both the ESS and the Knowledge Management System (KMS) or putting in simply a cross between a Facebook and Wikipedia. Thus, this platform will not only be a networking site and ESS but a knowledge sharing point which will be a two and fro communication between the employees and the organisation. So, let’s say we have a new product, for instance a burger or pizza, its recipe will be uploaded and a notification can be sent to all in the relevant group. Thus employees from different geographical locations get updated instantaneously and in case they have something to add or share about that product they can do so in a similar manner like in the Wikipedia. The administrator, however, monitors, filters and controls the content.

Do you also use social networking websites to increase the popularity of your brand and products?
Yes, we do use social networking websites to our advantage. Today we have many communities and forums on some of our iconic and popular products like hot chocolate fudge on websites like Orkut. And it definitely pays off in increasing the popularity of both the brand Nirula’s and our products.

Does hiring through social networking websites make sense?
Yes, absolutely. The trend of employing people through print ads has changed a lot now which has moved towards the employee referral programme under which you refer a person and if that person is selected, you get paid in return. What works for an organisation is that if employees have their friends working in the same organisation then there is better ‘Stickiness’ amongst them and they tend to stay longer. This helps in reduction of attrition.

Do you believe that this trend will catch pace in times to come?
The growth of social networking websites is still in a relatively nascent stage in India and the trend of companies employing executives via social networking websites will catch pace in times to come. It is already a very popular medium in some parts of the world where the recruiters and the prospective job seekers are using their networks to get introduced. Online is the way to go in times to come and companies will surely realise the potential of this phenomenon!

For Complete IIPM Article, Click on IIPM Article

Source :
IIPM Editorial, 2008
An IIPM and Professor Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist) Initiative

Read these article :-
ZEE BUSINESS BEST B SCHOOL SURVEY
B-schooled in India, Placed Abroad (Print Version)
IIPM in Financial times (Print Version)
IIPM makes business education truly global (Print Version)
The Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM)
IIPM Campus

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Wednesday, January 28, 2009

Flying high, on FDI sky!s - "IIPM-Article"

Stake sale may just be the only hope for Kingfisher Airlines to see better days soon. Will the government allow the change in provision? And how soon?

Only the shoe owner knows where the shoe pinches – rather crude in form and fashion, yet effective and totally apt to explain what airline operators are undergoing in India. And for all these months when we were talking about Mallya being the lucky one who’s shown no wrinkled worry on his face, when all that Kinghfisher was doing was acquiring and buying stakes one after the other, when all that Mallya was busy with cricket and Jet Airways, we arrive at a time when we see the flamboyant ‘Bling of good times’ proving that times indeed weren’t so good!

After sailing through turbulent times for over three years, the flamboyant Vijay Mallya seems desperate for a bailout. And what more, his recent request for the government to allow foreign equity levels upto 25% in domestic aviators, confirms that United Brewery’s cash reserves are finally proving insufficient to support his bleeding aviation business. When 4Ps B&M asked Mallya about the chances that such an amendment might happen, he simply stated that it was upto the government to decide that. “I have been approached by a number of players including British Airways, Singapore Airlines and Virgin Atlantic for a 25% stake purchase in Kingfisher Airlines, but it is entirely the government’s call to let it happen. One should really ask this question to the government,” stated a loud Mallya.

In the light of quarterly losses rising deplorably by 90% to touch Rs.483.2 crore (for Q2, 2008-09), oil bills worth Rs.1,000 crore still due, and over Rs.200 crore still to be paid to the Airports Authority of India, Kingfisher has clearly fallen into some financial pit at the moment. What’s worse, with less that 2% Indians using the air mode today and with fares set to rise again, Kingfisher is witnessing its worst days with company stock prices tumbling at the BSE. Lack of credibility is not where the market doubts Mallya, it’s just that Kingfisher Airlines appears too weak at the moment to stand firm despite the earth moving under its ground. Even ICICI Bank has rejected Kingfisher’s second loan requisition. November 17, 2008 saw Kingfisher fire 50 more co-pilots! Really, it’s time for us to mull over our previous belief that Kingfisher Airlines is uniquely insulated from the current bloodbath in the aviation industry. What’s worse, losses on the international routes have also forced the airline to close down its US office, even before it could commence operations. Speculations are also rife that the airline might be also forced to close down its offices in Hong Kong, Singapore and London too!

Kingfisher has already leased-out three of its five A340-500s aircrafts and two more are likely to be sent back or leased out to cut down its operating costs. And the airline has already been accused of payment defaults by GE aviation. And the bailout? Well, Harshvardhan, Chairman, Starair while explaining why this sort of policy is ‘unwelcome’ explains to 4Ps B&M, “Funding and technical skills are two things that foreign players bring with them. We have enough technical skill and just need funding and for that 49% investments by FIIs are already allowed. Beyond this it will be a threat to national security...” O.K.! Point noted, Sir!

So here is our message to Dear Dr. Mallya: Sir, we understand your predicament, but national security comes first :-) [Well, atleast that’s a good excuse for the Ministry ;-)]

For Complete IIPM Article, Click on IIPM Article

Source :
IIPM Editorial, 2008
An IIPM and Professor Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist) Initiative

Read these article :-
ZEE BUSINESS BEST B SCHOOL SURVEY
B-schooled in India, Placed Abroad (Print Version)
IIPM in Financial times (Print Version)
IIPM makes business education truly global (Print Version)
The Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM)
IIPM Campus

Top Articles on IIPM:-
'This is one of Big B's best performances'
IIPM to come up at Rajarhat
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The Hindu : Education Plus : Honour for IIPM
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Tuesday, January 27, 2009

Living on the ‘virtual’ edge...

Real world is not the place that an online player like Info Edge would want to be in at the moment... But this ‘virtual entity’ isn’t without its share of recessionary headaches either, writes Neha Sariaya...

What does the term ‘garage’ got to do with every successful entrepreneurship venture? Internationally of course, you’d have heard of names galore who made their mark in their home garage, but in India? Well, wonderfully, here too, the situation is no different! You’ll get the drift of our argument when you finish this paragraph... When you are born to succeed as an entrepreneur, you learn a thousand ways to achieve your ends, or rather start your golden journey. And Sanjeev Bikhchandani, MD and CEO, Info Edge (India) Ltd. certainly had a few of those tricks up his sleeves. And what degree of solidarity in vision are we talking about? When dotcom startups fell all around like nine pins during the turn of the millenium, Sanjeev’s virtual brainchild held its spot tight, and grew with every passing year. Of course there were the hiccups, but fighting his way to make the most of opportunities was much that he learnt having started operations in the servant quarter above his garage paying Rs.800 as monthly rent in 1990 (Hey! Wait! Did you miss that one? He started operations in the servant quarter above his ‘garage’!)

It is 2008, and his once small dotcom startup can boast of current assets of Rs.646.6 million (as on March 31, 2008). So what was the first to-market mode that the company followed? “We used to take job ads and make direct calls to our clients just like direct selling of a product. It was then a small company with a few people working for it. After we took funding the first thing we did was to move to a new office and started off different teams for different functions like marketing, technology etc,” reminisces Hitesh Oberoi, Whole time Director & Chief Operating Officer, Info Edge. As far as expansion to frontiers beyond was concerned, Oberoi adds, “We expanded to other cities beyond Delhi, and also enhanced our offerings and changed our prices.” Today, when you measure the brand awareness quotient of the company’s first online portal, naukri.com, to the blooming of many others under its umbrella such as Jeevansaathi.com, 99acres.com, Quadrangle.com, Brijj.com and the latest being Shiksha.com, one can safely conclude that it has been quite a journey. Even Ankit Kedia, Analyst, Centrum Broking, agreeingly voices out, “They enjoy the first mover advantage till date. The company has a brand name and a large circulation. Thus they enjoy the biggest pool of resources...” And the proof of dominance? Today, naukri.com has been able to retain its no.1 spot and has witnessed a growth rate of about 56% over the years with a market share of 50% followed by competitors like Monster.com and Timesjobs.com which accounted for about 35% and 15% of the online job application marketpie during 2008.

What further differentiates the company from its counterparts in the industry is its conservative and cautious approach towards business. One instance of this can be seen in its overseas expansion strategy, which it has restricted just to countries in the Gulf region in the form of naukri.com Gulf. So what’s the reason behind this? As an analyst justifies, “In India, Info edge started fifteen years back, but it’s just over the past five years that the company has grown at a much faster rate. And thus it wants to be more cautious before taking the plunge into newer oceans...” Even Oberoi agrees to it wholeheartedly as he quotes, “Our investments are based on the business potential. We review our new businesses on a quarter-to-quarter basis. We see what is working and what is not and we put more resources on issues that are getting profitable.” Indeed, for Info Edge, there seems to be no hit-and-trial methodology!

When it comes to inorganic growth, the company is always open to newer acquisitions but logically, at the right price and in the right space. Thankfully, here is a player who is not blind to realities and getting double-sized overnight! So is everything rosy for the online entity? Well, not really. With 40% of its revenues coming from the IT industry, there is somehow a feeling of over reliance on one sector that may finally prove the poison pill for the company. Secondly, the company for long has been unsuccessful in replicating the success of naukri.com in all other verticals like – matrimonial (Jeevansathi.com), real estate (99acres.com) et al as Ambarish Raghuvanshi, CFO, Info Edge confesses, “Another challenge for us is to raise the bar for our mid-sized businesses and increase their size to what naukri.com is today...” However, the brighter part of this dark picture is that despite the global downturn, the company’s revenues have been least affected. For instance, despite the real estate prices falling, 99acres.com has grown appreciably - a revenue growth of 98.9% during Q2, 2009 as compared to the same a year ago. Moreover, its other arm – Jeevansathi has recorded a revenue growth of 40.3% during Q2 2009, certainly boosting the company’s potential of earning more by the day, downturn or no downturn. What’s a sweeter surprise? When companies across the board are focussing on slowing down and decreasing production or selling off assets, Info Edge has its eyes set on expansion. As an analyst avers, “Online classified markets earn a lot due to heavy spending by various sectors, with education and job being a major source.” Surely, when it comes to the job market, Info Edge has already taken the lead and, “when it comes to the education market, it has its hands on,” adds an industry expert.

For Complete IIPM Article, Click on IIPM Article

Source :
IIPM Editorial, 2008
An IIPM and Professor Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist) Initiative
Read these article :-
ZEE BUSINESS BEST B SCHOOL SURVEY
B-schooled in India, Placed Abroad (Print Version)
IIPM in Financial times (Print Version)
IIPM makes business education truly global (Print Version)
The Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM)
IIPM Campus

Top Articles on IIPM:-
'This is one of Big B's best performances'
IIPM to come up at Rajarhat
IIPM awards four Bengali novelists
IIPM makes business education truly global-Education-The Times of ...
The Hindu : Education Plus : Honour for IIPM
IIPM ranked No.1 B-School in India, Management News - By ...
IIPM Ranked No1 B-School in India
Moneycontrol >> News >> Press- News >> IIPM ranked No1 B-School in ...
IIPM ranked No. 1 B-school in India- Zee Business Survey ...
IIPM ranked No1 B-School in India :: Education, Careers ...
The Hindu Business Line : IIPM placements hit a high of over 2000 jobs
Deccan Herald - IIPM ranked as top B-School in India
India eNews - IIPM Ranked No1 B-School in India
IIPM Delhi - Indian Institute of Planning and Management New Delhi ...IIPM ranked ahead of IIMs

Friday, January 23, 2009

Motor insurance gets a makeover! - :IIPM-Article:

Fed up of those nasty problems that your car gives you everyday & that too all of a sudden? Then here comes a good news for you! First party motor insurance is all set to undergo major changes in India. The insurers are now planning to come up with policies that will offer another vehicle for the period for which the insuree’s vehicle is unavailable, for instance, getting repaired. Even, if the car is not replaced, the insuree will receive allowance to recoup the rental of hiring a car during that period. Insurers in mature markets like US and UK are already offering such policies. Now with IRDA allowing it in India, almost all the major insurers have started working on it. IRDA has also allowed a waiver of depreciation.

For Complete IIPM Article, Click on IIPM Article

Source :
IIPM Editorial, 2008

An IIPM and Professor Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist) Initiative

Read these article :-
ZEE BUSINESS BEST B SCHOOL SURVEY
B-schooled in India, Placed Abroad (Print Version)
IIPM in Financial times (Print Version)
IIPM makes business education truly global (Print Version)
The Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM)
IIPM Campus

Top Articles on IIPM:-
'This is one of Big B's best performances'
IIPM to come up at Rajarhat
IIPM awards four Bengali novelists
IIPM makes business education truly global-Education-The Times of ...
The Hindu : Education Plus : Honour for IIPM
IIPM ranked No.1 B-School in India, Management News - By ...
IIPM Ranked No1 B-School in India
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The Hindu Business Line : IIPM placements hit a high of over 2000 jobs
Deccan Herald - IIPM ranked as top B-School in India
India eNews - IIPM Ranked No1 B-School in India
IIPM Delhi - Indian Institute of Planning and Management New Delhi ...
IIPM ranked ahead of IIMs

Thursday, January 22, 2009

Saw 'Munich'? Watch it

India should learn how Israel beat terror in their own game....
Nowadays one generally doesn’t expect an average Member of Parliament (MP) to have the intellect to watch classic English movies and then decipher and understand them. In this case an average MP refers to one who prefers a siesta during key discussions in the Parliament and have utter disregard for national issues at large, barring parroting needless controversies the way Minority Affairs Minister AR Antulay did. But for the remaining few intellectuals who still honour the house with their august presence and for the ones running the country, one just wonder if any of them have ever seen the film "Munich", based on the real life incident of the killing of the Israeli contingent in the Munich Olympics in 1972. This was an act of a Palestinian terror outfit Black September. There is much similarity in the manner in which Munich incident happened and the way the Mumbai terror attacks on 26/11 took place, given the fact that in both cases there were armed terrorists who had stormed into hotels to kill unarmed civilians. Yet, in case of Munich, neither did Israel go around browbeating about an impending strike against Palestine (there is nothing much in Palestine to destroy through air raids either) nor did they try to pressurise the world to act against the leaders of Black September. Instead, Israel formed a covert group with a few former Mossad guys leading the pack and went after the planners, financiers and executors of Black September. In the ensuing months, they executed most.

Post 26/11, for nearly a month, the Indian government kept on cribbing to the world at large and especially to the US as to how much it is hurt and how much it deserves and reserves the right to retaliate through air strikes for dismantling the terror camps (as if the terrorists would still be waiting in their camps to greet the air strike) in Pakistan. So, while India continues with its pretension of a tactical strike, Pakistan continues with its pretension of acting on the perpetrators while the sub-continent is slowly heading towards a war which has the potential to take the shape of a World War. And that’s exactly what the ideological leaders of the perpetrators and the radicals in the Pakistani Army establishment would want. Instead, it's now time to learn from Mossad and Mista'ravim of Israel and their modus operandi. What did India expect when it gave the list of 40 odd terrorists to Pakistan? That Pakistan would hand them over? Or that India was trying to make the world believe that it’s trying its best to exhaust all options before heading for the last resort, i.e. a war? Well, no one has ever gone for a war with months of preparation; thus, giving the enemy enough time to beg, borrow or steal additional weapons and still have a decisive victory over the enemy.

The time has come to beat the terror perpetrators in their own game. If they can attack with surprise, why can't India? If they can go for fidayeen attacks, why can't India? And if they can act as stateless actors, why not India? Only beating them in their game would end it all. And if RAW doesn’t have the wherewithal to accomplish such covert operations, it's time to outsource external intelligence to Mossad. It would not only save men, money and material but would be more result oriented...for a change and for good.
For Complete IIPM Article, Click on IIPM Article

Source :
IIPM Editorial, 2008
Read these article :-
ZEE BUSINESS BEST B SCHOOL SURVEY
B-schooled in India, Placed Abroad (Print Version)
IIPM in Financial times (Print Version)
IIPM makes business education truly global (Print Version)
The Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM)
IIPM Campus

Top Articles on IIPM:-
'This is one of Big B's best performances'
IIPM to come up at Rajarhat
IIPM awards four Bengali novelists
IIPM makes business education truly global-Education-The Times of ...
The Hindu : Education Plus : Honour for IIPM
IIPM ranked No.1 B-School in India, Management News - By ...
IIPM Ranked No1 B-School in India
Moneycontrol >> News >> Press- News >> IIPM ranked No1 B-School in ...
IIPM ranked No. 1 B-school in India- Zee Business Survey ...
IIPM ranked No1 B-School in India :: Education, Careers ...
The Hindu Business Line : IIPM placements hit a high of over 2000 jobs
Deccan Herald - IIPM ranked as top B-School in India
India eNews - IIPM Ranked No1 B-School in India
IIPM Delhi - Indian Institute of Planning and Management New Delhi ...
IIPM ranked ahead of IIMs

Tuesday, January 20, 2009

The Other Muslim

The affluence of Dawoodi Bohras of Gujarat and the Ismailies of Mumbai deconstruct the myth of Muslims as a poor and marginalised community, says Danish Reyaz


If taken on face value, it is hard not to stereotype the Dawoodi Bohra community as ‘just your average Muslims’ – conservative, inward looking and, who knows, even fanatical. After all, isn’t that the most common, albeit erroneous picture that is painted to depict an average Muslim? But on a closer look you will realise that this community has learnt the fine art of maintaining a perfect balance between devoutly following the Islamic teachings and keeping pace with the ‘modern’ world.

The Dawoodi Bohras are an advanced lot in every sense of the word, be it social, educational, political, or financial. They have developed their business economy and a separate identity not only in Mumbai but across the world. And there are those who will vouch for this: you will not find a single beggar from this community anywhere in India. And what, you may ask, is the secret behind their development and prosperity? Education, which they consider extremely important, for both men and women, and their love and quest for knowledge which disallows them to keep looking inwards and fall out of pace with the rest of the world.

“Knowledge is our legacy. Hence, it is our duty to protect this legacy for the betterment of our community. The world is changing fast and, to live a respectable life, it is necessary for us to be aware of what’s going on around us; it is our duty to adapt to modern technology and industrial development,” says Syedna Burhanuddin.

The Bohras of India belong to a Shiite sect of Gujarati-speaking Muslims. During the reign of the 11th Fatimid Caliph in Egypt, this group made a lasting impact on the people of Egypt and Yemen. It should be worth noting that the earliest Caliphs were ‘Companions of the Prophet’ and were called Khulfa-e-Rashideen (rightly guided Caliphs). Consequently, the Caliphate shifted to Damascus (Umayyads), then to Baghdad (Abbasids), Egypt (Fatmids), and finally to Turkey under the Ottomans before the Caliphate was abolished by Kemal Ataturk in 1924. After coming to India, the Dawoodi Bohras converted Gujarati Vaishyas and Brahmins to Islam.

Dawoodi Bohra and Ismaili sects of Muslims today inhabit around 25 countries; their population in India is about one million. Asghar Ali Engineer, a prominent Islamic scholar and researcher who himself belongs to Bohra community says, “Over 1.3 lakh Dawoodi Bohras live in Mumbai while there are over one million of them living all over the world. There is a famous shrine of Dawoodi Bohras at Mohammad Ali Road in Mumbai where devotees come to pay homage. Also found in large numbers in Mumbai, Ismailis have an old Jamaat Khana at Kharak in Dongri where they perform their rituals.”

Even though the Dawoodi Bohras live all across the globe, yet they remain very close to each other and share a common streak – that of altruism. “We are an interconnected community. We help each other and do our best to help other segments of the society too,” claims Raghib Qureshi, media in-charge of Dawat-e-Hidaya, Badri Mahal. The large number of Bohra schools, colleges, hospitals, social and welfare institutions in Mumbai corroborate Qureshi’s statement.

“We were born here and we love this soil. Our predecessors, who were Vaishya and Brahmins, converted to Islam and made us aware of Islamic teachings. Syedna Mohammed Burhanudin Taash is our 52nd Imam who was knighted ‘Dai-e-Mutlaq’ (absolute preacher) in 1965 when he was 53. He was born on March 6, 1915, at Surat in Gujarat,” Qureshi told TSI.


On the other hand, Hazrat Ali was the first Ismaili Imam. The current Imam, Prince Karim Agha Khan, is the 49th. He was vested with this power on July 11, 1957, and completed his 50 years of leadership last year. His birthday (December 13) celebrations this year had to be cancelled following the tragedy that befell Mumbai on November 26.

Dr Nuruddin Hirani sheds some light on the history of Ismailis: “We came to Mumbai between 1801 and 1810. In the early 19th century, Agha Hasan Ali Shah arrived in India and settled in Mumbai. This attracted people from across the world who followed suit and settled in the area from Dongri to Rea Road. When our 48th Imam, Sir Sultan Mohammad Shah Agha Khan, migrated to Europe, people started migrating to other countries.”

It was a golden age for Ismailis in Egypt until the 19th century brought with it many changes for this community. “After his arrival in Mumbai, Agha Hasan Ali preferred social and welfare activities over other things. No doubt, Isamailis are a business community, but our Imam has been playing a leading role with respect to this issue as well. Agha Khan is not only our religious leader, he also guides us in worldly affairs,” Dr Hirani added. It is true that you will find Ismailis occupying most of the business centres in Mumbai. They have played a big role in setting up of the Development and Credit Bank. “When people from other counries came to India, they needed money and subsequently small welfare institutions such as Masalawala Society and Cooperative Banks were established. Gradually, as the society grew, it was converted to Development and Credit Bank, which has Nasir Manji as its current Chairman,” informed Dr Hirani.

The secret behind the success of Ismailis, as in the case of Dawoodi Bohras, is their focus on education. Says Dr Hirani, “Today, every Ismaili is well established because he never sidelines the importance of education. Sir Sultan Mohammad Agha Khan set up a girls’ school to make women literate. During the times of crisis we actively took part in the relief works. Roller Support Programme and Agha Khan Foundation helped Ismaili community in its growth and development.” The Dawoodi Bohras are more concerned for the preservation of their beliefs, traditions and culture than Ismailis, it is said. Yet, the determination of both these communities to keep moving ahead, even at a time when Islam is passing through a critical phase, serves as an inspiration to all.

For Complete IIPM Article, Click on IIPM Article

Source :
IIPM Editorial, 2008
An IIPM and Professor Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist) Initiative

Read these article :-
ZEE BUSINESS BEST B SCHOOL SURVEY
B-schooled in India, Placed Abroad (Print Version)
IIPM in Financial times (Print Version)
IIPM makes business education truly global (Print Version)
The Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM)
IIPM Campus

Top Articles on IIPM:-
'This is one of Big B's best performances'
IIPM to come up at Rajarhat
IIPM awards four Bengali novelists
IIPM makes business education truly global-Education-The Times of ...
The Hindu : Education Plus : Honour for IIPM
IIPM ranked No.1 B-School in India, Management News - By ...
IIPM Ranked No1 B-School in India
Moneycontrol >> News >> Press- News >> IIPM ranked No1 B-School in ...
IIPM ranked No. 1 B-school in India- Zee Business Survey ...
IIPM ranked No1 B-School in India :: Education, Careers ...
The Hindu Business Line : IIPM placements hit a high of over 2000 jobs
Deccan Herald - IIPM ranked as top B-School in India
India eNews - IIPM Ranked No1 B-School in India
IIPM Delhi - Indian Institute of Planning and Management New Delhi ...
IIPM ranked ahead of IIMs

Monday, January 19, 2009

The Sunday Indian Story : -Amity over Konark’s ruins

Muslim vendetta had vandalised a fantastic temple to the Sun God in Orissa, but the state today presents remarkable instances of cross-religious participation, says Dhrutikam Mohanty

K onark! The name evokes in most Odiyas a rush of emotions that can barely be described. Every time one stares at the top of the Mukhshala, the façade of the temple, an intense feeling of smallness grabs him or her. I personally have always felt tiny and trivial standing near the Konark Sun Temple. Some 1200 masons had taken 12 years to build this wonder, they say. But how was it possible to amalgamate such huge pieces of stones into a splendid and vast architecture in just 12 years? Around 700 years ago, what inspired the rulers of Orissa to build such a massive monument to the Sun? A section of historians believe that Narasimhadeva, the then ruler of the Ganga dynasty, had built this as a mark of his first victory over Muslims.

When Tugan Khan, a Muslim ruler of Bengal, attacked Orissa in the 13th century, King Narsimhadeva decided to trap him and sent a message stating that he is ready to surrender without resistance. Happy with the proposed surrender, Tugan asked the king to surrender infront of the Jagannath temple in Puri and directed him to embrace Islam and convert the temple into a mosque. Narsimhadeva, steady on his plans, accepted all the terms and the Muslim ruler advanced into the city. When the invaders came and dispersed in the city, the temple bells started ringing, and this was the signal for the soldiers to pounce on them. At the end of a full day’s bloody battle, the entire Muslim army was annihilated. Hindus emerged victorious and Orissa stayed a Hindu bastion for the next three centuries.

The victorious King of Orissa erected a victory pillar designed as a war chariot at a place near the temple town of Puri. This temple was dedicated to the Sun god, and he named this place as Konark, which means “Essence of the corners”. This was the pinnacle of Orissa’s great temple architecture tradition. The temple was designed like a colossal chariot with seven horses and 24 wheels, carrying Sun god across the heaven.


KC Panigrahi, leading author on Orissa history, has mentioned The Sunday Indianin one of his writings: “His victory over the Muslims of Bengal and his acquisition of the southern districts of western Bengal must have enormously raised his prestige in the eyes of contemporary Hindu rulers and augmented his resources, which in all likelihood enabled him to undertake the construction of a stupendous structure like the Konark temple, designed to exhibit his power, prestige, opulence, devotion and perhaps to commemorate his victory also.” Abul Fazal, in corroboration to this, even states that it is a “mighty memorial to posterity”.

Today, what we see here is only the dilapidated Mukhashala, not the main temple, the little that could be conserved or restored. “One of the best specimens of Indian architecture”, wrote James Fergussion, an eminent historian. Hundreds of broken statues, ruined pillars with finest carvings and maimed deities at the heritage site create a delusion of a burial ground of Orissan architecture. How could such a mammoth structure be ruined to pieces? After all, temples older than Konark, such as those of Jagannath at Puri Lingaraj at Bhubaneswar, still exist with grandeur and gravity.

The most popular theory about vandalisation of Konark, though some scholar differ, is of Kalapahad, a general in the army of Muslim ruler Suleman of Bengal. The Madala Panji of Puri Jagannath temple describes how Kalapahad, a Hindu converted to Islam, attacked Orissa in 1568 and destroyed many Hindu temples, including Konark. It was a near impossible task to break a temple whose stone walls were as thick as 20 to 25 feet. Kalapahad somehow managed to displace the Dadhinauti (or arch stone, on which rests the weight of the entire superstructure) and thus the temple collapsed. The marauders also smashed most of the images and other adjacent temples. Perhaps this was Muslim vendetta for the humiliating defeat 300 years ago. Consequently, Orissa came under Muslim control in 1568. There were constant attempts to destroy the Hindu temples. The Pandas (priests) of Puri had to take away Lord Jagannath to a secret place to save the Lord from being destroyed.

But then, time heals all wounds. And Orissa presents an amazing face of religious amity. And this goes beyond peaceful co-existance. What better example can you find of inter-religious participation than in Manikgoda, where Muslims perform Durga puja during Dushera? It is again Muslims who tow the Jagannath Rathayatra (chariot) at Remena, a place in western Orissa.

On the other hand, Hindus offer bhog (offerings to the God) at the shrine of Bukhari Pir Saheb at Kaipadar of Khurdha. A sixteenth century shrine of the Sufi saint, Bukhari Pir Saheb, who originally belonged to Bukhara, Uzbekistan, is famous for the annual Urs celebration when thousands of devotees (around 75 per cent of them are Hindus) gather here from all over India. One of the most remarkable features of this shrine is that the flower garlands and sweets for the daily offerings to the Pir is made by Hindus.

In Qadam Rasool (situated in Cuttack), a 15th century shrine famous for having the footprints of Prophet Muhammad, Hindus are also allowed to participate in prayers and even offer bhog. In fact, Qadam Rasool was built by a Hindu ruler in 18th century for the benefit of Muslims and is now prayed to by both Hindus and Muslims.

Today it seems as if the hatred that started around 700 years ago and was marked with the erection of Konark Temple has been finally buried. Ironically, before that could happen, a magical monument had been destroyed !
For Complete IIPM Article, Click on IIPM Article

Source :
IIPM Editorial, 2008
An IIPM and Professor Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist) Initiative

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Friday, January 16, 2009

How Bengal became Bengal

Known for its culture and tolerance, Bengal came into being only when Muslim conquerors subjugated local Hindu rulers, says Chandrashekhar Bhattacharjee

History whispers in my ears while walking down the narrow lane on the east bank of Bhagirathi River. Murshidabad, the city founded by Nawab Murshid Kuli Khan, has more than 30 historic sites. To mention just a few: Asia’s biggest Imambara, the Madina Mosque, Clock Tower and the Hazarduari Palace. The Imambara, known for its grandeur, was built by the last independent Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah. The lane by the eastern bank skirts the Imambara and Hazarduari – popularly thought to mean “Palace with a Thousand Doors” – and leads to Wasif Manjil and the Southern Gate. Murshidabad’s glory ended with the British winning the Battle of Plassey in 1757, aided by a traitor. “Had they not won, India’s history could have been different,” claims Reza Ali Mirza, a descendent of Mir Zaafar, Siraj’s Chief of Staff, and accused of that treachery. But Mirza disagrees: “Mir Zaafar was not the traitor. The conspiracy was hatched by East India Company’s Robert Clive, with Mahtab Chand, an extremely rich man titled ‘Jagat Seth’ (richest in the world), top moneylender Amirchand or Umichand, Mohanlal Kashmiri, Hindu zamindar Raidurlabh and Siraj’s cousin Ekram-ud-Doullah. Mir Zaafar had brought up Siraj since he was 13. If he wanted the Nawab’s seat, he could have killed Siraj long ago.”

But history proves otherwise. “Obviously Mir Zaafar joined at a later stage, replacing Mohunlal, who went over to Siraj,” says historian Professor Goutam Neogi. He explained that Muslims as rulers came to these parts in the 13th century, when ‘Bengal’ as such did not exist. There were three regions: Gaur, Rahr and Bangla. “First came the Turks, who conquered us but stayed here to rule and mingle with our society. Later, Arabs and then Moghuls ruled till 1757. With the rulers came their armies, ulemas, some Sufis, cooks, traders, poets, singers and, the bureaucracy. Bengal was subjugated over a span of 200 years, and for the first time, the three regions became one unit called 'Bangla', which became a cultural cauldron. The best instance of that is the birth of a new language, Bangla,” Neogi says.

Bengal had two distinct kinds of Muslim rulers, he stresses: those controlled by Delhi’s rulers and the independent ones. Of the entire 400 odd years of Muslim rule in Bengal, barring the period from Akbar till the near-end of Aurangzeb, the region mostly had independent Muslim rulers. “At least 1,008 members of the Nawab family and their relatives lie at peace at the Zaffargunj Maqbara (graveyard), which thousands still visit,” Neogi says.

Pulakendu Sinha is engaged in the study of folk culture. Sinha says that initially, upper caste Hindus were opposed to the intermingling with Muslims, and at the same time oppressed the lower caste communities. Resultantly, a majority of them converted to Islam. This stirred a cultural fermentation. Thus, Sufis influenced the Baul sect of bards. Muslims started singing traditional Hindu religious songs, the Bolan Gaan. New musical forms like the ‘Murshedi’ and ‘Alkap’ appeared. And the food loving Bangali borrowed liberally from Mughlai cuisine. Lalan Shah is another bright example of Muslim influence in Bengal’s culture. He was born a Hindu, but abandoned by his parents. A Muslim family nursed the little boy, who later conversed to Islam. Lalan initiated a special form of songs against religious and caste divides.

Coming back to Murshidabad, it was grandeur redefined. Even Clive said, “The city looks like London and the people here are richer than those in London.” That wealth was squirreled off to London. Historic documents show how from July 3, 1760, the East India Company started transferring all the Nawab’s wealth, including lakhs of gold coins, pearls, diamonds, gold, and valuable art works from the Nawab’s collection to Kolkata. It took 12 hours to transfer the wealth by boats on Bhagirathi. And Urmi, then a historian at the Nawab’s court, had noted, “The British had never seen such wealth before.”

Returning back laden with nostalgia, at the Bhagirathi Ghat (jetty), I heard a man hollering over a loudspeaker, imploring people to visit Khoshbag, "the final resting place of the last independent Nawab of Bengal". Some feel, however, that he may not deserve too much of tears. Says Ummalwara Rehaman, a prominent women’s activist, “Siraj’s administration was dependent on Jagat Seth’s finance, but the Nawab once slapped him. He also humiliated the British in the Battle of Kolkata. The womaniser Nawab’s administration was packed with traitors. The British, who came as traders, first installed trade houses (kuthis) across the region, then brought in their army, conspired with corrupts power-mongers, purchased top army officers and finally staged a war drama at Plassey to conquer the great land." But is that all? Can we forget the "Murshedi", the blend of Hindu and Muslim cultural ethos? Didn't the boatman on the Bhagirathi sing: Geramer naojowan/Hindu-Musalman ek shathe miliya sari gaan gaitam/Aha, ki sundar din kataitam (Those were glorious days when Hindus and Muslims lived happily and sang songs together in the villages.)
For Complete IIPM Article, Click on IIPM Article

Source :
IIPM Editorial, 2008
An IIPM and Professor Arindam Chaudhuri (Renowned Management Guru and Economist) Initiative
Read these article :-
ZEE BUSINESS BEST B SCHOOL SURVEY
B-schooled in India, Placed Abroad (Print Version)
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The Indian Institute of Planning and Management (IIPM)
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